Good question. Start by mounting /proc, it's satisfying and actually useful.
Type:
mount -t proc /proc /proc
You can then ls /proc if you want, good, eh?
You can also mount CF disks with:
mount -t msdos /dev/hda1 /mnt
You will get some errors when you first mount the disk and long filenames will produce errors when they are ls'd.
If you are feeling brave you could:
dmesg > /mnt/dmesg.txt
But you run a greater risk of trashing your CF disk.